Chapter 271: Follow me to make another crystal?
Before everyone finished appreciating it, Gao Zhendong nodded to Yu Yuncheng, who gave the order: "Get ready, pull the second one!"

Considering that many tests cannot be done before the wires are completely cooled, Gao Zhendong and Yu Yuncheng discussed and decided to pull three wires at a time.

This thing is not small in size, and it will take a while to cool it down completely.

It would be better to make three of them, so as to test the repeatability of the corresponding process parameters of the single crystal furnace and single crystal silicon. You should know that their single crystal furnace is not just for research and to verify the feasibility of this route, but to verify the feasibility of mass production of single crystal silicon.

Once successful, this single crystal furnace will be used as a standard silicon single crystal production equipment for mass production. Naturally, the relevant test requirements are much more complicated and rigorous than pulling one to try.

Otherwise, with Gao Zhendong's skills and Yu Yuncheng's experience, it wouldn't have taken several months.

Speaking of this, Yu Yuncheng couldn't help but burst into tears. He was so arrogant. Thinking back to the tight situation when he was pulling 4 9 silicon single crystals, he only had one seed crystal. If it failed, he would have no money for the next one.

Look here again, they bought three at a time, and before the test, Director Gao even said, don't feel pressured, these three missiles are scrapped, summarize the experience, learn lessons, improve equipment, adjust the process, and then try again.

This is the feeling of having your back leaned against a big tree.

After hearing Yu Yuncheng's instructions, the entire project team took action quickly.

It will take a lot of time to pull down the three wires, plus all the other miscellaneous preparations, tests, data recording, and finishing work.

In the middle, everyone even took turns to go to the cafeteria to eat. The laboratory has management regulations, especially during formal experiments, eating is not allowed in the laboratory.

By the afternoon, all three silicon single crystal rods had been pulled. The first one had almost cooled down and was sent to the inspection room.

Gao Zhendong did not leave, and the members of the research team were all in the laboratory, none of them left. Although they were very confident and the conditions given by Gao Zhendong were not a one-time deal, they were still a little nervous as the results were about to come out.

They did not realize that this involved the creation of an industry, and that the most popular technological direction in the next few decades would be based on those black, shiny sticks.

Gao Zhendong was also a little nervous. This single crystal furnace was designed by him based on data restoration, and it was not like the DJS-59 which was a system product. However, his face showed a confident, calm and composed look. He was the leader, and the people below could panic, but he could not.

His demeanor also made the atmosphere of the entire research group relaxed. If the boss wasn't panicking, why should we be panicking? Let's learn from Director Gao and stay calm.

By the time it was almost time for dinner, the first batch of data from the first silicon single crystal rod came back.

"It's coming, it's done, it's done!"

The team member who ran over with the data had an excited look on his face and waved a few pieces of paper in his hand.

After hearing the word “Done”, everyone completely relaxed. Although this was only the first batch of data, it already meant that this step was stable!

Gao Zhendong stood up and stretched out his hand: "Let me see."

He took the data from the team member, and he and Yu Yuncheng put their heads together and read it line by line.

"Impurity concentration: 3ppm! Haha." Yu Yuncheng laughed out loud. The most important indicator has been achieved.

3ppm（百万分之一）的杂质浓度，意味着硅单晶的纯度达到了99.9997%，妥妥的5个9硅单晶，甚至已经开始接近6个9了！
This is several times lower than his initial goal of 5 nines, and the impurity concentration is reduced by several times.

For Yu Yuncheng, he didn’t even dare to think about it at first!

Gao Zhendong was also very happy about this. After all, he knew that this single crystal furnace was reliable, but he didn't know to what extent it was reliable.

After all, design is design, and implementation is implementation. It is not uncommon for the design indicators to be as high as eight floors, while the actual results are in the basement.

Impurity concentration is very important for silicon single crystals. When making semiconductor devices, in order to obtain the required characteristics, silicon single crystals are doped. The commonly used doping concentration units are ppma (parts per million atomic ratio) and ppba (parts per billion atomic ratio), with the former being more commonly used.

From these two doping concentration units, we can see how great the impact of 1ppm of harmful impurities is on semiconductor devices.

In fact, when technology developed to the point where Gao Zhendong traveled through time, the purity of silicon single crystals in the semiconductor industry was often 9 nines, and the limit could reach 9 nines!

But now the 5 9s can also be used, not to mention the current "half-step 6 9s" product.

But it’s too early to be happy, they continue to look down one by one.

"Crystal structure, no problem, single crystal is intact."

"Jing Xiang, no problem."

"Resistivity is within the expected range."

As they looked along, the two were excited. They didn't know about other things, but at least for this first project, all they could see was settled.

As for other parameters such as oxygen content, carbon content, minority carrier concentration, dislocation density, etc., they are either still being measured or cannot be measured. However, these do not affect Gao Zhendong's certainty of one thing: at least this silicon single crystal rod is fine!
Even if there are problems with the last two, it doesn’t matter. At least this one shows that there is no problem with the furnace itself, and the problem lies in our technology and process.

To be honest, considering the time and cost invested in the single crystal furnace so far, even if this furnace can only pull one out of ten, Gao Zhendong would still praise it for its hard work and high success rate.

As the saying goes, there is no such thing as garbage performance, only garbage prices.

Gao Zhendong and Yu Yuncheng looked at each other, he nodded, and handed the test data to Yu Yuncheng.

Let him announce it. Although Gao Zhendong himself was the core and main reason for the success of the single crystal furnace, he deserves the credit. Without his design, theory and data, this thing would not have been successful, or the speed would not have been so fast and the performance would not have been so good.

But in terms of the degree of fatigue, Yu Yuncheng should be ranked first, so let Yu Yuncheng take the honor of announcing the success, he deserves it. As for Gao Zhendong himself, he does not lack it.

Yu Yuncheng raised the test data in his hand high and waved it in the air, his face slightly flushed and his tone high-spirited.

"Comrades, I declare that after three months of hard work, the general single crystal furnace project has been a success!"

Why is it a general-purpose single crystal furnace? Because it is designed according to the general purpose design. Isn’t it also used to pull out the single crystal used in ruby ​​lasers?

Everyone suddenly became noisy. Some were cheering, some were clapping, some were laughing, some were patting each other's shoulders and arms. Well, no one was crying. That was not the case.

Seeing everyone excited, Yu Yuncheng asked Gao Zhendong: "Director Gao, what should we do next?"

Gao Zhendong thought for a moment and said, "Well, today and tomorrow, please take them to work overtime to measure the parameters of these three silicon single crystal rods. This way, we will have a better idea."

Yu Yuncheng nodded in agreement. Even if Gao Zhendong didn't say anything, he would still work overtime to finish measuring the parameters. He couldn't wait until Monday.

"After the test, we'll take a look on Monday. If all three are OK, you write a document and we'll make three copies. Then we'll send one of the three crystals to the National Academy of Sciences for identification and testing, one to the Seventeenth Ministry of Machinery, and one to the Twelfth Ministry of Machinery."

Yu Yuncheng was stunned by Gao Zhendong's generosity: "Give it all away? Not keeping any for yourself?"

Gao Zhendong shook his head: "No! If we need to do experiments, we can just pull two more. Anyway, the finishing work will take some time, so there is still time. The most important thing now is to let everyone know that we have the ability. Some places are looking forward to this news."

Apart from anything else, Factory 1274 is waiting. They have been waiting for silicon single crystals, and after Gao Zhendong promised that they would have silicon single crystals, he would take them to develop integrated circuits.

Yu Yuncheng thought about it and asked a seemingly disappointing question: "What if only the first one succeeds?"

Gao Zhendong had already thought about it: "Then give it to the 17th Ministry of Machine Building! It will be good for you. If there are two, one for the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one for the 17th Ministry of Machine Building."

Yu Yuncheng himself didn't think about this problem. After thinking about it, it was true. He couldn't help but secretly grateful for Gao Zhendong's attentiveness. Director Gao was a thoughtful person.

When everyone had calmed down, Gao Zhendong smiled and announced a routine: Let's go eat! The cafeteria is ready.

Everyone burst into laughter, as they all knew Director Gao's style.

A group of people walked towards the cafeteria in a mighty procession, and the comrades passing by started talking again.

"Did the guys from the lab go out to eat again?"

"Oh, it looks like they have completed another project. They are used to this."

"Come to think of it, it seems like I haven't seen them have a meal together for a while, and I thought it was no longer possible."

"No? Do you think doing science is like picking cabbages in the fields? My cousin's second aunt's sister-in-law's son-in-law works at the Beijing Steel Plant. He said that if our factory hadn't helped them last year, they wouldn't have had a single scientific project."

On the upper floor of the factory office, Director Yang looked at the group of people in the research laboratory below and laughed. They must have come up with something new.

While eating, Gao Zhendong suddenly thought of something, and it would be best if Yu Yuncheng could help him with it.

He picked up the cup, walked with Yu Yuncheng, and then said: "Old Yu, now that the single crystal furnace is done, help me make a crystal. I have thought of the technology, but I am too busy to do it myself. If you are interested, let's do it together."

Yu Yuncheng nodded and agreed without saying anything: "No problem, but can we go back to Haihekou 1761 Institute this time? I've been out for too long, haha."

Gao Zhendong nodded: "No problem, it's a joint venture between our factory and yours, just do it at your place."

Yu Yuncheng's suggestion hit the mark for Gao Zhendong. The crystal he was planning to make had little to do with single crystal furnaces, but the conditions at Institute 1761 might be better.

What Gao Zhendong was preparing to do was something he had longed for: the mercury cadmium telluride crystals that he had previously extracted from a line-scan infrared thermal imager.

(End of this chapter)